Balanced approach to saving Sri Lanka’s elephants

As the Kandy Esala Perahera, one of Sri Lanka’s most revered cultural events, takes centre stage, the sight of elephants parading through the streets is awe-inspiring and increasingly tinged with concern. The dwindling number of domesticated elephants participating in this grand procession is a stark reminder of the growing tension between conservation efforts and cultural preservation. 

The controversy surrounding the domestication and treatment of elephants has intensified, but the solution need not be a zero-sum equation. Instead, a balanced approach that prioritises humane treatment while recognising the cultural significance of these majestic creatures is essential.

The elephant holds a special place in Sri Lankan culture. These gentle giants have been integral to religious ceremonies and cultural festivals for centuries, with the Kandy Perahera being the most prominent example. The procession, which honours the Sacred Tooth Relic of Lord Buddha, is a vibrant display of the country’s rich heritage, and the participation of elephants adds a layer of grandeur and reverence. However, the declining number of domesticated elephants raises questions about the sustainability of this tradition and the ethical implications of continuing to use these animals in cultural events.

Critics of elephant domestication and domestic breeding argue that the practice often leads to the mistreatment and exploitation of these intelligent creatures. Instances of inadequate living conditions, harsh training methods, and a lack of proper veterinary care have been widely reported, casting a shadow over the cultural practices that rely on these animals. On the other hand, proponents of cultural preservation stress the importance of maintaining traditions that have been passed down through generations, arguing that elephants are an indispensable part of Sri Lanka’s identity.

The challenge, therefore, lies in finding a solution that addresses both the welfare of elephants and the need to preserve cultural traditions. This is not an insurmountable task, but it requires a shift in mindset and a commitment to humane practices.

One potential solution is the establishment of stringent regulations that ensure the humane treatment of domesticated elephants. These regulations should include strict guidelines on the living conditions, diet, and medical care of elephants, as well as limitations on their use in cultural events. For instance, elephants should not be overworked or subjected to stressful environments. Additionally, there should be a transparent monitoring system in place to ensure compliance with these regulations, with penalties for those who fail to adhere to them.

Moreover, conservation efforts should be strengthened to protect wild elephant populations, ensuring that these creatures continue to thrive in their natural habitats. The Department of Wildlife Conservation is due to carry out an island-wide survey of the elephant population in the coming days. This would be an indication of the wild elephant numbers which in turn can be the basis for conservation efforts.

Sri Lanka’s elephants are not only a national treasure but also a vital part of the country’s ecological and cultural landscape. The Kandy Perahera and other cultural events provide a unique opportunity to celebrate this heritage, but it must be done with a deep respect for the animals involved. By adopting a balanced approach that prioritises humane treatment, explores innovative alternatives, and strengthens conservation efforts, Sri Lanka can ensure that its elephants are protected and cherished for generations to come, both in the wild and while domesticated.