Indo-Lanka relations on the right track but with key caveats

The visit of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is a significant development in the vital relationship between the two countries. This visit, coming soon after President Anura Disanayake’s own first foreign trip to New Delhi, symbolises the mutual recognition of the strategic and economic importance of this bilateral partnership. 

The cordial meetings, signing of vital agreements, and India’s announcement of key debt concessions—most notably the conversion of $ 100 million into a grant—demonstrate that Indo-Lanka relations are indeed on the right track.

President Disanayake and his team deserve commendation for the mature and pragmatic approach they have adopted in managing relations with India. In a time of acute economic need, where dependence on India for trade, investments, and debt relief is considerable, Sri Lanka has managed to engage positively without appearing submissive. However, Sri Lanka must be mindful of safeguarding its national interests and asserting its sovereignty where necessary.

A foremost issue that demands firm and consistent action is the ongoing fisheries dispute. The damage caused by bottom trawling by Indian vessels encroaching on Sri Lankan waters is not just an environmental concern but an economic one, threatening the livelihoods of northern fishermen. It is heartening that Tamil representatives meeting the Indian Prime Minister have also urged a ban on this destructive and illegal fishing method. The Sri Lankan Government must continue its policy of apprehending repeat offenders and confiscating vessels that violate international maritime boundaries. This is not a matter of diplomacy but of law enforcement and sustainability.

Another area requiring careful navigation is the presence of unsolicited proposals from Indian companies. While investments from India are welcome, particularly in sectors like energy and infrastructure, these deals must be pursued transparently and strictly evaluated for their economic merit. The Mannar wind power project, among others, should not be seen as a diplomatic concession but as a business deal that must deliver tangible benefits to Sri Lanka.

Additionally, the recurring issue of Kachchativu threatens to become a long-term irritant. The Tamil Nadu state assembly’s recent resolution calling for the “return” of the islet, despite the matter having been settled in 1974, could stir unnecessary controversy. The onus lies with the Indian central government to unequivocally state that the issue is closed. Failure to do so risks injecting strategic uncertainty into what is otherwise a robust relationship. At a time when the post-World War II international order is collapsing and mighty countries are violating or threatening to violate the sovereignty of others, Sri Lanka must not take for granted that bellicose rhetoric on Kachchathivu will not burgeon into an actual threat in the near or distant future.

On the economic front, Sri Lanka must also do its part. It can no longer afford the comfort of protectionism and outdated fears of integration. A bold, forward-looking step would be to accelerate the long-delayed Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) with India. Enhanced economic integration, if structured equitably, could unlock new opportunities for Sri Lankan industries and services, especially in accessing the vast Indian market and the value chain.

The visit of PM Modi has further underlined that Indo-Lanka relations are on a promising trajectory. The goodwill, cooperation, and high-level exchanges signal a partnership that is maturing. But for this relationship to be truly sustainable and mutually beneficial, it must be guided by principles of equality, transparency, and respect for sovereignty. Strategic patience, assertiveness where necessary, and a commitment to regional economic integration will ensure that Sri Lanka not only recovers but thrives in partnership with its closest neighbour.