Calls for needs-based scientific approach that will cascade to remaining state organisations
If local media outlets are anything to go by, the su
ggestion of radically restructuring the Cabinet is a welcome move and the nation hopes that this will not be just another outburst in a euphoric moment!
Structuring any organisation, irrespective of size and type, needs to be aligned to the purpose, direction and strategy of the organisation. This needs a very scientific approach, using purpose-specific structuring frameworks and an inclusive process of facilitating stakeholder involvement.
If this process is entirely left to politicians (whose only entry qualification is the popular vote, while few of them may have specific managerial and technical competencies), then it tends to be driven by political motives and not by what is in the best interest of the people of a country.
In this feature article, MTI shares some of the extensive thought leadership research done by it in the last two years.
Why apply ‘Ground Zero’ model to Sri Lankan Cabinet?
- The effectiveness of a government is significantly determined by the way it is structured, starting with the scoping and segmentation of the ministries because all other government institutions are structured based on this ‘super structure’.
- Governments tend to carry on with historical structures, with incremental portfolios added as and when the need arises e.g. technology, disaster management, national integration,etc. or combining unrelated portfolios (see inset below)
- There has also been a tendency to create a plethora of micro-focused responsibilities e.g. wildlife, botanical gardens and private transportation
The net result of all these is a cluttered portfolio of ministries that lack focus. The installation of a new Government is an ideal opportunity to go completely Ground Zero and develop the ministerial portfolios based on the strategic needs of the country. Such a process could then lead to rationalising and restructuring/re-scoping the large number of state institutions that operate within the ministries.
Step 1: Go completely ‘Ground Zero’ – which means assume none of the current ministerial portfolios exist and avoid any reference to any current ministerial names, even later on in the process.
Step 2: Apply ‘People’s Needs’ as the first basis of structuring
- Why?Governments exist only to serve/meet the needs of people. Therefore, in structuring the government, it should be based on the specific needs of the people
- How?Starting with basic human needs, hierarchically exploring all types of physical, physiological, social, safety and economic needs
If the above is applied to the Government of Sri Lanka, the first cut based on ‘People’s Needs’will be as follows:
Step 3: Identifying the ‘Economy and Governance’ based ministerial needs
- Why?Beyond the people’s needs, at a macro level the Government needs to manage the economy and ensure effective governance (including the effective management of all other ministries) - this then leads to the need for other ministries.
- How?In order to ensure and manage all portfolios identified (applying multiple criteria), what types of economic management and governance functions need to be undertaken? Accordingly, the following has been identified as the ‘first-cut’ list.
Step 4: Strategic and financial implication for ministerial portfolio
- Why?In identifying the ministries based on the ‘People’s Needs’ and ‘Economyand Governance’, there is a tendency for wide variation in the scope and scale of the ministries identified and therefore some key functions may not get adequate focus.
- How?Estimating the strategic and financial value of the portfolios (identified under each of the other modules) and then deciding which ones require further segmentation.
Step 5: Contemporary national challenges – that demand ministerial focus
- Why?The world we live in today presents us with dynamic socioeconomic and political challenges, which governments need to respond and in some cases there needs to be institutions to manage/respond to these challenges
How?Evaluate all the current/emerging socioeconomic and political challenges that the country encounters and decide if any of these warrant a dedicated portfolio. Accordingly, for Sri Lanka the following have been identified.
Step 6: Ministries that are needed for the ‘Enabling’ role
- Why?When identifying the ministries based on the criteria under steps 2 to 5, the focus is on the front-end needs, consequently the enabling ministries (also known as back office or shared services functions) do not get captured.
- How? For each of the ministries identified thus far, examine the need for the enabler role, based on which the following has been identified.
Step 7: Rationalise the 36 Ministerial Needs that were identified by applying the five structuring criteria
Applying the five different criteria, we have arrived at 36 portfolios of varying scopes. While this is exhaustive, there is the possibility of overlaps and more importantly the need to rationalise and merge some of the portfolios – in the pursuit of ensuring a max of 15 Cluster Ministries (considered an optimal number).
Step 8: Arriving at the final list of 16 ‘Cluster Ministries’- by applying the following structuring principles:
- Strategic synergies – where more than one portfolio can be merged for strategic and link reasons
- Specialisation and Separation – where portfolios need to be kept very distinct – despite not justifying sufficient ‘workload’ and responsibility to match the other portfolios
- Use of contemporary terms that reflect the above and the ‘end-user’ expectations
“This is only one example of the Ground Zero model application – the end result depends on the quality of thinking and intellect that goes into the process. There could be several outcome possibilities and that’s not an issue, as long as there is process integrity and rigor”
Structuring considerations in arriving at the above
- Law and Order will also be responsible ‘crime prevention’
- Public Welfare is a cluster of public services, social welfare, national integration, religious practices and disaster management
- Enterprise Development has been added to Industrial Development – so that the former focuses on the SMEs, while the latter focuses on large-scale industrial infrastructure development, including the vital logistics component
- International Relations (currently known as the foreign ministry) will also have responsibility for ‘International Investments’ (FDIs) – because when have such an extensive network of foreign missions, why only use this for diplomatic and consular work? Hold them responsible for investment targets.
- Financial Services will be part of Economy, Planning and Governance
- State Enterprise Development can either fall under the relevent line ministry or under ‘Economy, Planning and Governance’ (which in any case will be responsible for the Governance of these SOEs)
- Tea and Rubber Plantation, by virtue of being largely for exports, will fall under Export Earnings, while the other could be under ‘Food and Agriculture’
- National Fitness aims to develop a fit and healthy nation – given its positive impact on national productivity
Step 9: Each of the ‘Cluster Ministries’ are then further segmented into ‘Sector Ministries’ – using the same structuring principles as above.
Example of Cluster to Sector segmentation
5 Sector Ministries reporting to the Cluster Ministry
Step 10: Set KRAs and KPIs - each Minister’s performance appraisal to be presented to both the Parliament and the public. Then, apply the process down to the next level of government departments and SOEs.
