US jobs growth disappoints, but jobless rate falls

(Reuters) - U.S. employers hired fewer workers than expected in December and a surprisingly large number of people gave up searching for work, tempering the positive news of a big drop in the unemployment rate.

The disappointing jobs growth figure reported by the Labor Department on Friday suggested the Federal Reserve would likely stay the course with its effort to support the world’s biggest economy with the purchase of $600 billion in government bonds.

The department’s survey of non-farm employers showed payrolls increased 103,000 last month, below economists’ expectations for 175,000. Private hiring rose 113,000, while government employment fell 10,000.

“What we are seeing is a pace of hiring that is enough to keep us on track, where we stand, which has been a moderate recovery, but not really enough to point to an acceleration from here,” said Julia Coronado, a senior economist at BNP Paribas in New York.

U.S. stocks fell as investors showed their disappointment that the lower jobless rate reflected people leaving the workforce. The safe-haven appeal of bonds caused those prices to rise, while the dollar firmed, continuing a trend of dollar strength against the euro.

Tempering the blow, overall employment for October and November was revised to show 70,000 more job gains than previously reported.

An independent survey this week had led investors to anticipate sturdy payroll gains in December.

The unemployment rate fell to 9.4 percent, the lowest since May 2009 and down from 9.8 percent in November. It was the biggest monthly drop in the rate since April 1998.

But the survey of households from which the unemployment rate is derived showed the big drop was due to both an increase in employment and a sharp decline in the labor force.

BERNANKE MORE OPTIMISTIC

The slow labor market recovery, which is in stark contrast with other sectors of the economy, is unwelcome news for President Barack Obama. High joblessness cost his Democratic Party control of the U.S. House of Representatives.

Speaking at a window factory in Landover, Maryland on Friday, Obama said the pace of hiring has picked up. But he said more needed to be done.

“We’ve got a big hole that we’re digging ourselves out of. And so our mission has to be to accelerate hiring and to accelerate growth,” he said.

Improvements in data on consumer spending, trade and manufacturing, have implied an acceleration in growth momentum.

Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke, in congressional testimony, struck a slightly more optimistic tone than in his last public remarks in early December.

“We have seen increased evidence that a self-sustaining recovery in consumer and business spending may be taking hold,” Bernanke told the Senate Budget Committee.

But he cautioned that if the economy continued to create jobs “at this pace we’re not going to see sustained declines in the unemployment rate.”

The economy created an average of 94,000 jobs a month last year, far short of the at least 125,000 jobs needed to keep the jobless rate from rising. A faster pace might be needed now with so many discouraged workers sitting on the sidelines.

As job growth picks up, these workers could re-enter the labor force, keeping upward pressure on the jobless rate.

Data showing a firming in consumer and business demand had led to calls for the U.S. central bank to scale back its widely criticized bond-purchasing program aimed at keeping interest rates low to boost demand.

Some policymakers indicated in December they had a “fairly high” threshold for curtailing the stimulus program.

Some analysts looked at the drop in the unemployment rate as good news. However, the labor force participation rate, a measure of how many potential workers are actually in the job market, dropped to 64.3 percent, yet another fresh cycle low.

“Yes, we are getting more people employed but we appear to be losing people into the woodwork -- not a good sign long term,” said John Silvia, chief economist at Wells Fargo.

Still, economists remain optimistic employment will pick up this year, citing the $858 billion tax package, which is expected to boost 2011 gross domestic product growth by at least one percentage point.

Employment gains in December were led by the private services sector, which saw payrolls rising 115,000 after gaining 84,000 in November, but temporary hiring slowed.

Temporary hiring is seen as a harbinger of permanent employment.

The goods-producing sector shed 2,000 jobs in December after losing 5,000 in November, but manufacturing payrolls rose for the first time in five months. Construction employment fell again last month and some of the drop could be related to adverse weather conditions in some parts of the country.

The average work week was steady at 34.3 hours. Average hourly earnings increased three cents in December.

IMF’S Lipsky: U.S. deficit reduction critical

(Reuters) - A top IMF official warned on Saturday that the United States must start down a budget deficit-cutting path relatively soon or face crushing debt service costs as interest rates rise.

“Time’s a-wasting,” John Lipsky, first deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said in an address at the annual American Economics Association conference here. “It is critical to lay out the basis for credible medium-term fiscal adjustment,” he said.

Lipsky praised recent steps by U.S. central bankers and politicians to support a weak economic recovery with expansionary monetary and fiscal policies. However, he said those steps make it less likely the United States can meet goals of cutting its deficit in half by 2013.

Both the monetary and fiscal stimulus measures have been controversial. The Federal Reserve in November provoked outrage with a $600 billion bond-buying plan that both domestic and international critics protested would weaken the dollar and lay the groundwork for a burst of inflation.

President Barack Obama and Congress agreed in December to a $858 billion tax package designed to support economic growth, but bond markets quailed over the its deepening of the $1.3 trillion budget deficit.

Although near-term fiscal consolidation measures could crimp economic growth and will be politically controversial, in the longer term they will fuel stronger growth, Lipsky said.

The risk is that if the United States cannot soon trim its deficit, doubts about the U.S. fiscal position could push longer-term interest rates higher, he said.

U.S. lawmakers worried about the deficit are pushing for spending cuts, but face opposition from others worried that tapping the fiscal brakes too soon could stall the fragile economic recovery.

Government debt crises that have most recently rocked Ireland, Spain and Portugal have raised concerns about the credit-worthiness of larger nations and have led many to wonder how long the United States can sustain high levels of deficit spending.

While Republicans in the United States have been the most outspoken in calling for spending cuts and rode a deficit-cutting rallying cry to big gains in November elections, they have so far backed away from pledges to slash spending.

Lipsky praised a proposal by a U.S. presidential commission to trim the deficit with a major tax code overhaul and deep spending cuts. Although the plan was controversial, it garnered more political support than expected.

However, the commission has still lacked sufficient backing to force congressional action, and there is little expectation that tax overhaul will take place this year.