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LONDON/SINGAPORE (Reuters): The US Justice Department has ordered top executives from several container shipping lines to testify in an antitrust investigation over practices by an industry that is the backbone of world trade, the companies said last week.
The world’s biggest container group, Denmark’s A.P. Moller-Maersk, together with second largest line MSC of Switzerland, Germany’s Hapag Lloyd, Taiwan-based Evergreen and Hong Kong-based Orient Overseas Container Line (OOCL) said their executives were among those who had been subpoenaed.
None offered details on what exactly was being sought by the US authorities, although OOCL said its subpoena called for the production of documents.
The subpoenas were issued during a meeting of top container shipping executives last week in San Francisco. They are members of the International Council of Containership Operators, commonly known as the Box Club.
“We can confirm that we conducted an operation,” an FBI spokesman in San Francisco told Reuters. “It is part of an ongoing investigation and we are unable to release any additional details at this point.”
The US Department of Justice declined to comment.
Container lines, which transport everything from TVs to bananas, have tried to save money by setting up alliances to pool their ships’ sailing schedules and port calls. Critics say this can lead to reduced services and increased prices for customers. The US inquiry follows ones by other jurisdictions including South Africa and the European Union. These have examined pricing practices by the sector, which is still struggling with its worst slump and has seen companies going to the wall due to a glut of ships and sluggish global economic growth. Such investigations could result in large fines at a time when the firms are still struggling to cut costs.
In July last year, EU anti-trust regulators accepted an offer from Maersk and 13 competitors to change their pricing practices in order to stave off possible fines.
Previous inquiries by the US Justice Department had looked into price fixing within the shipping industry, which has resulted indictments of various executives.
South Korea’s Hanjin Shipping was declared bankrupt in February after it collapsed last year, sending sent shockwaves through the container industry.
In September South African authorities raided some of the world’s biggest container lines on suspicion of colluding to inflate rates on shipping routes.
The United States is concerned that the proposed alliances of several major companies, covering about 45% of all global shipping capacity, could lead to anti-competitive behaviour.
This could slow global trade as about 90% of the world’s traded goods by volume and over 60% by value - $4 trillion - is transported by sea on container ships. The rest is on other vessels such as oil or gas tankers.
Spokesmen for Maersk Line and Hapag Lloyd said that the subpoenas did not set out any specific allegations, adding that the companies would fully cooperate with authorities.
MSC said several lines including itself received subpoenas last week from the Department of Justice, declining further comment at this stage “due to the ongoing nature of the investigation”. OOCL and Evergreen also confirmed they were involved.
“OOCL has received a subpoena from the Department of Justice Antitrust Division calling for the production of documents. OOCL intends to comply fully with the subpoena,” said Stephen Ng, OOCL Director of Trades.
The Evergreen spokesman said: “We are cooperating with the authorities in this matter. Evergreen’s policy is to conduct business in compliance with applicable competition laws.”The Hapag Lloyd spokesman said its planned merger with United Arab Shipping Company would not be affected by the inquiry.
The Justice Department has raised concerns over possible anti-competitive behaviour by container shippers with the US Federal Maritime Commission (FMC) after shippers sought approval to form the Ocean and THE alliances.
The proposed Ocean Alliance involves CMA CGM with APL, China Cosco Shipping, Evergreen and Orient Overseas Container Lines while THE alliance is planned between Hapag Lloyd-UASC, Yang Ming Marine, Mitsui OSK Lines, Kawasaki Kisen Kaisha and NYK Lines.
In a letter to the FMC in September, Renata Hesse, acting assistant attorney general in the Justice Department’s antitrust division, urged it to prohibit or insist on changes to the Ocean Alliance agreement.
“The parties to the proposed agreement are seeking to undertake joint activities that are likely to reduce competition and also may be inconsistent” with the US shipping act, Hesse said in the letter, which was published on the Justice Department website.
The Hong Kong Shippers’ Council, which represents manufacturers and exporters, said it welcomed the inquiry. “We look forward to hearing their result,” Chairman Willy Lin said.
